-
uchida_kawasaki
- 2567
- 17
- 2
- 12
-
- いいね！12
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
26/ That led to billions of people focusing on washing hands & disinfecting surfaces, which are actually useless (or close) for COVID We were told by @WHO et al. that masks (a very effective measure) were not useful. No serious mention of ventilation by @WHO till Nov. 2020
2022-08-25 05:05:24
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
27/ The ACTUAL MISINFORMATION spread by @WHO et al. in the early pandemic leds to the virus spreading everywhere fast, eventually mutating to be more transmissible. Millions of people have been sick or died. Would CERTAINLY been less if @WHO et al. told us early #COVIDisAirborne
2022-08-25 05:07:38
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
28/ Naturally, the scientists and officials at the top of @WHO, @CDCgov do NOT want to admit CLEARLY and DIRECTLY that their actions helped the virus spread and kill. One Govt official told us privately: "You need to find a way to allow us to save face"
2022-08-25 05:08:57
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
29/ So we have an UNHOLY ALLIANCE between those with POLITICAL & ECONOMIC POWER and those with PUBLIC HEALTH POWER. PH officials are all too happy to avoid admitting their errors, which suits political power just fine, by keeping transmission confusing and unclear
2022-08-25 05:10:36
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
30/ Note that those in PUBLIC HEALTH POWER tend to be all trained in the same way (PH & inf. diseases). And they have SYSTEMATICALLY excluded airborne and aerosol experts from key positions. E.g. see this paper from @trishgreenhalgh: wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/6-126 pic.twitter.com/V3DSZaFqKC
2022-08-25 05:12:30
拡大
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
31/ E.g. @CDCDirector @RWalensky has said recently that @CDCgov needs reform, because of poor pandemic response. This is welcome and useful. BUT... to my knowledge, NO MENTION of including aerosol / airborne scientists at the highest levels. nytimes.com/2022/08/17/us/…
2022-08-25 05:14:25
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
32/ So: (a) political and economic power find #COVIDisAirborne VERY INCONVENIENT (c) Public Health officials want to save face are major reasons NOW. But (b) SCIENTIFIC / MEDICAL HISTORY set us up to make the grip of (a) + (c) overwhelming today
2022-08-25 05:16:15
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
33/ So then back to (b), the impact of history. The detailed version is on the paper and yesterday's thread: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/in…
2022-08-25 05:17:40
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
34/ IMPACT OF HISTORY in the denial and resistance of #COVIDisAirborne. The SHORT VERSION: For 2 millenia 400 BCE (Hippocrates) to the 2nd half of 19th Century, Miasma theory (diseases come from the air) was DOMINANT en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasma_th… pic.twitter.com/bTuGpf1gwg
2022-08-25 05:20:47
拡大
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
35/ Between 1847-1898 3 major diseases (cholera, malaria, puerperal fever) that were THOUGHT to be transmitted to the air, are demonstrated to be transmitted by water, mosquitos, dirty hands. For more detail see tweets #26+ from yesterday: twitter.com/jljcolorado/st…
2022-08-25 05:22:49
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
26/ Cholera strikes London in 1854. The public health establishment believed it to be caused by a miasma. English sanitary reformers (e.g. Chadwick), who initiated many modern public health practices, found miasma appealing, as it appeared to explain... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Cha… pic.twitter.com/wLody0swl3
2022-08-24 03:34:56
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
36/ This shakes the belief that most diseases go through the air. GERM THEORY revolutionizes the understanding of transmission, also ~1860-1880. All old ideas are questioned and re-examined in light of new knowledge. More detail at: twitter.com/jljcolorado/st…
2022-08-25 05:24:24
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
38/ The 2nd half of the 19th Century is a period of rapid progress on disease transmission. Pasteur and Koch proposed the GERM THEORY of disease. Microscopic germs enter the body and are the cause of many diseases. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theo… worldcat.org/title/memoire-… pic.twitter.com/F90A0yjclt
2022-08-24 04:32:50
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
37/ Just as it is the case now, political / economic power hated airborne transmission, as it scared people and was harder to fight than other means of transmission. And doctors worried about the social impacts of airborne transmission: twitter.com/jljcolorado/st…
2022-08-25 05:26:56
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
50/ Some contemporaries of Flügge such as Cornet argued that tuberculosis was transmitted only through large droplets, which were easily visible to the naked eye. Perhaps because droplets were more CONVENIENT and airborne disease VERY INCONVENIENT? google.com/books/edition/… pic.twitter.com/zL3ll57mRg
2022-08-24 05:00:08
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
38/ A prominent American Public Health researcher, Charles Chapin works around 1910. He was trying to promote his own theory (contact infection) and found the lingering miasma / airborne beliefs extremely inconvenient to the acceptance of his ideas. twitter.com/jljcolorado/st…
2022-08-25 06:08:13
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
62/ Chapin also reviewed the possibility of airborne infection, which he conceived especially as infections from afar. Lingering belief on air infection was making it difficult to promote contact infection: play.google.com/books/reader?i… pic.twitter.com/rHjy0VsX3d
2022-08-24 05:26:05
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
39/ Even tho Chapin had NO evidence, he states: - ease of transmission in close proximity & decreased transmission with distance is due to sprayborne (large) droplets that fall due to GRAVITY near the person - Airborne transmission is extremely unlikely twitter.com/jljcolorado/st…
2022-08-25 06:10:07
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
64/ This is the key. The evidence was insufficient, but Chapin turned absence of evidence into evidence of absence, and stated that airborne disease was almost impossible, and that "mouth spray" (large droplets) are only effective at short distances. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/in… pic.twitter.com/C8BosgRSng
2022-08-24 05:30:37
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
40/ Chapin's theories conquer fields of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, and become the #DropletDogma, dominant for 110 yrs till @WHO at the start of COVID: - I am sure helped by the advantages for economic activity if airborne transmission assumed as unlikely (a) above
2022-08-25 06:12:24
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
41/ In particular, Chapin's theories conquer the @CDCgov and its epidemiology branch. E.g. Its first and longtime director referred to Chapin as "the best American epidemiologist". And Chapin's ideas remain dominant there. twitter.com/jljcolorado/st…
2022-08-25 06:14:21
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
68/ Chapin was described in 1967 as “the greatest American epidemiologist” by A. Langmuir, 1st & long-time director (1949–1969) of epidemiology branch of @CDCgov As late as the 1980s, Chapin's views were dominant there. doi.org/10.1093/aje/14… en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander… pic.twitter.com/kn2y47Wd9v
2022-08-24 05:40:13
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
42/ @CDCgov was (and still is) the preeminent public health institution. Has many more scientists than @WHO. From there, Chapin's ideas about droplet transmission explaining close proximity infection, and the unlikelihood of airborne trans. conquer the world.
2022-08-25 06:16:08
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
43/ So even though East Asian cultures and Eastern European countries (the latter at least during the cold war) viewed airborne transmission are more likely than Chapin, the response of @WHO to COVID-19 seems dominated by the Western "Chapinista" tradition
2022-08-25 06:17:42
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
44/ In 1962, Wells, Riley, and Mills demonstrate that tuberculosis is airborne. First major disease to be accepted as airborne in modern times Complete denial of airborne transmission ends twitter.com/jljcolorado/st…
2022-08-25 06:19:47
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
88/ They routed air from TB hospital ward to 150 guinea pigs (GP) for 2 yrs. ~3 GP / month were infected No GP infected in control group where the only difference was that the air was irradiated with germicidal ultraviolet light, killing the TB bacterium doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm… pic.twitter.com/aVje6Jfs4O
2022-08-24 06:33:52
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
45/ But extreme resistance continues, and AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE airborne transmission is accepted. E.g. such obvious airborne diseases as extremely contagious measles and chickenpox are NOT accepted as airborne till 20+ yrs after TB! twitter.com/jljcolorado/st…
2022-08-25 06:21:09
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
98/ Measles and chickenpox were similar, described as droplet diseases till mid-1980s, and only accepted when superspreading events with long-distance transmission made airborne undeniable. publications.aap.org/pediatrics/art… nejm.org/doi/full/10.10… pic.twitter.com/4s2euwtyHr
2022-08-24 07:01:20
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
46/ That exact same "tooth & nail resistance to accepting airborne" continued for the flu (despite mounting evidence of its airborne trans.) after 1990, and was at its clearest at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic: twitter.com/WHO/status/124…
2022-08-25 06:27:11
World Health Organization (WHO)
@WHO
FACT: #COVID19 is NOT airborne. The #coronavirus is mainly transmitted through droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes or speaks. To protect yourself: -keep 1m distance from others -disinfect surfaces frequently -wash/rub your 👐 -avoid touching your 👀👃👄 pic.twitter.com/fpkcpHAJx7
2020-03-29 03:44:17
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
47/ And that resistance from PH & infectious diseases, I believe honest at the start, and rooted in the scientific traditions of those fields sets us up We are all misinformed about transmission, making it easier for political and economic power (a) to continue their obfuscation
2022-08-25 06:28:54
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
48/ The (in principle honest) resistance of PH orgs. like @WHO is followed by realizing the enormous error they have made, and the enormous cost in lifes & illness of denying & resisting #CovidIsAirborne Leading to their attempts to save face (c), unholy alliance w/ power (a)
2022-08-25 06:31:46
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez
@jljcolorado
49/ So that's that. Obviously this is my take, but I've discussed it with lots of other scientists. If you think anything is incorrect, incomplete, you have papers that contradict or add etc., pls send it my way. pic.twitter.com/jOzyWTMl9L
2022-08-25 06:36:37
拡大